The smallest unit of life that can perform all life processes.
Robert Hooke – 1665
- Used a “microscope” / magnifying glass to look at cork
- From England
- Discovered what a cell was by looking at a piece of cork
Anton Van Leeuwenhook – 1673
- Dutch inventor who created the microscope that we recognize today
- First person to discover a single celled protozoa
- Protozoa is like pond scum
- He also looked at blood cells
CELL THEORY
The 3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory :
All organisms are composed of one or more cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)
The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)
All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. (Virchow)(1858)
Modern Cell Theory:
Modern Cell Theory contains 4 statements, in addition to the original Cell Theory:
The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division.
All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities.
All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out inside the cells.(movement, digestion,etc)
Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell(organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)
TWO TYPES OF CELLS:
Prokaryotic Cell:
Cells that DO NOT have a cell membrane around their nucleus.
Example – Bacteria
- Prokaryotes are molecules surrounded by a membrane and cell wall. Prokaryotic cells lack characteristic Eukaryotic sub cellular membrane enclosed “organelles”, but may contain membrane systems inside a cell wall.
- Peptidoglycan is found in bacterial cell walls but not in archaea or eukaryotic cell walls.
Archaebacteria
- SAME As bacteria since they lack a nucleus and don’t have membrane bound organelles.
- DIFFERENT in that they have ribosomes that are more like a Eukaryotic cell.
Cells that have a membrane around their nucleus.
Example – Plant and Animal Cells Eukaryotic
Cells usually are 10 times larger than Prokaryote cells.
The basic Eukaryotic cell contains the following:
- Plasma membrane around their nucleus
- Cytoplasm (the semi fluid substance inside the membrane.
- Has a cytoskeleton – the microfilaments and microtubules that suspend organelles, this gives it shape, and allow for the cells motion.
- Has membrane enclosed subsellular organelles.
Comparison of Prokaryotes from Eukaryotes:
Topic: CELL
So why do cells build us up
Nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm
Mitochondria, vacuoles, and golgi bodies
Lysosomes, ribosomes, and centrioles
ER, chloroplast
We need you (2x)
More than anything darling
You’re all that we have from the start
So build us up
Cell organelles with your functions
Our body is made of microscopic cells
We’re unique, oh yes that’s true
The plant cells are diff’rent from animal cell
With its structures and components, hey, hey, hey
Nucleus is the brain, hey, hey, hey
Cell membrane, regulates the entry and exit of
materials in and out of the cell. ..oooohhh…oooohhh…..
So why don’t you build us up
Mitochondria baby, you give energy through ATP
And the lysosomes, the scavengers baby
Cleaning up our cells
And digest the food
We need you (2x)
More than anything darling
Endoplasmic re-ti-cu-lum,
It's the transport channel
And the ribosomes they make proteins
Chloroplasts are the plastids inside the plant cells,
The makers of glucose
They are together with numerous tiny vacuoles,
Containing cell sap, hey, hey, hey
Cell wall, a rigid wall, hey, hey, hey
Maintaining the shape of the cell because of
the water causing turgor pressure…inside…ooohhh….
So why don’t you build us up
Golgi bodies, baby shippers of the cell
By packing products
And the centrioles, aid in division of the nucleus
To form daughter cells
We need you (2x)
More than anything darling
You have to be part of our lives
So build us up
Cell organelles don’t break our hearts
We, we, we, we need you
More than anything darling
You have to be part of our lives
So build us up
Cell organelles don't break our hearts
So build us up
Cell organelles don't break our hearts
So build us up
Cell organelles don't break our hearts
Follow the lyrics with the music in this You-Tube video, the photos are not indicative of the lesson.
PARTS OF THE CELL:
Organelles: The things or structures (PARTS) inside of a cell that perform the functions necessary for the cell to survive.
- Example: Think about your heart, lungs and liver… They are all organs or organelles inside of your body. The cell has parts like this inside of its cell.
Cell Membrane:
Is the protective layer that covers the cell’s surface.
it acts like the fence around a yard. It is like the skin on your body. It keeps some things out and lets some thing in.
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- Found only in PLANT cells
- Gives support to the cell
- Is a second layer or “fence” like the cell membrane.
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Nucleus:
- An organelle inside of the cell that directs the activity in the cell.
- It holds the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
- This is the blue print material (directions) for the cell.
- It tells how to reproduce and perform all of the cells jobs.
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Nucleolus
Within the nucleus are found chromatin and a structure called the nucleolus. Chromatin is DNA in its active form. It consists of DNA looped around histone proteins. The nucleolus is a knot of chromatin. It is the nucleolus that manufactures ribosomes
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Nuclear Membrane
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Endoplasmic Reticulum: (ER)
- A folded membrane that moves material in the cell
- ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) is part of the internal delivery system and uses tubes for passageways.
- ER is additionally responsible for moving proteins and other carbohydrates to the Golgi Body.
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- consisting of flat, disk-shaped sacs, tubules, and vesicles
- Stacks of sacs that package and move proteins around in the cell.
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Mitochondria
- The organelle that releases energy in the cell. (The powerhouse of the cell)
- Found in both animal and plant cells.
- Mitochondria produce ATP using energy stored in food molecules.
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- Organelle that produces chlorophyll. ( The chemical of photosynthesis) to power the plant cell.
- Chlorophyll traps the energy of sunlight, which is then used by the plant cell to make sugar for energy.
- Only found in PLANT cells.
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Organelle that makes protein for the cell.
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Vesicle / Vacuole
Small sack that moves material in and out of the cell.
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- Organelle that eats worn out cell parts.
- It contains digestive enzymes.
- Lysosomes are round membrane surrounded structures that can be found anywhere in the cytoplasm.
- Sometimes they are called suicide bags because they encase the worn out part that is to be digested.
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All the living material found in a cell capable of carrying on all the life processes.
Cytoplasm
- The gel-like material inside of the cell membrane.
- Keeps organelles in place
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Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance found in the cell. All the cellular organelles are embedded in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm along with the cellular organelles is called protoplasm
i.e., protoplasm = Cytoplasm + organelles or Protoplasm - Organelles = cytoplasm.
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Centrioles
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MIcrotubules
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Cilia
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